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Chart of Francis Hallé's architectural models of tree growth, with twenty-four labeled tree forms drawn as branching diagrams showing flowering and fruiting patterns.

Francis Hallé

Francis Hallé is a French botanist, biologist and illustrator, whose research is focused on tropical forests and tree architecture.

Botanical drawing of a tropical rainforest layered profile, with a plan view of tree crown projections below, by botanist Francis Hallé
F. Hallé (2016) 50 ans d'explorations et d'études botaniques en forêt tropicale. Museo Editors.

Together with his contemporaries, Hallé developed a catalogue of twenty-two architectural models of trees, defining a foundational rule-based system by which trees can be understood. For architects and landscape architects, this is a critical development in expanding our potential of designing with trees.

Diagrams of twenty-two tree architectural models, each labeled with a botanist's name, such as Holttum, Corner, and Troll, illustrating Francis Hallé's classification of tropical tree growth patterns
Tree architectures. F. Hallé (2017) Des données récentes sur les arbres. Bulletin Académie des Sciences et Lettres de Montpellier, vol. 48, suppl. 1.